Pipeline Disruption: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Next Generation of Teachers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14507/cie.vol25iss1.2125Keywords:
Teacher preparation, COVID-19, pandemic, teacher pipeline, clinical experiencesAbstract
This qualitative study aims to provide insight into why teacher candidates, interested in pursuing K-12 teaching, made the decision to leave their traditional teacher preparation programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers utilized sociocultural theory as the framework to ground the research. The study finds the educational disruption caused by the pandemic added a layer of complexity to candidates’ experiences, including missed opportunities, limited clinical experience, and a general sense of uncertainty, which altered teacher candidates’ outlook on the teaching profession, impacted their education journeys, and ultimately shifted their immediate career trajectories. The results from this study indicate that clinical experiences are an important predictor of whether teacher candidates remain in their preparation programs. With this research study, we hope to support the development of a more robust teacher pipeline.
References
Active Minds. (2020). Covid-19 impact on college student mental health.
https://www.activeminds.org/studentsurvey/
Ahmad, F. Z., & Boser, U. (2014). America’s leaky pipeline for teachers of color: Getting
more teachers of color into the classroom. Center for American Progress. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED561065.pdf
American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education. (2020, May). AACTE state
policy tracking map: State actions to support EPPs and teacher candidates. https://aacte.org/state-actions-covid19/
Beck, J. S., Lunsmann, C., & Garza, T. (2020). “We need to be in the classroom more”:
Veteran teachers’ views on teacher preparation and retention. The Professional Educator, 43(1), 91-99. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/teachinglearning_fac_pubs/142
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and
design. Harvard University Press.
Carver-Thomas, D., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2019). The trouble with teacher turnover:
How teacher attrition affects students and schools. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27(36). http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.3699
Charmaz, K. (2000). Grounded theory: Objectivist and constructivist methods. In N. K.
Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 509-535). Sage Publications.
Coffey, A., & Atkinson, P. (1996). Making sense of qualitative data: Complementary
research strategies. Sage Publications.
Dabrowski, A. (2021). Teacher wellbeing during a pandemic: Surviving or thriving?
Social Education Research, 2(1), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.37256/ser.212021588
Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). Solving the dilemmas of teacher supply, demand, and
standards: How we can ensure a competent, caring, and qualified teacher for every child. National Commission on Teaching and America’s Future. http://nctaf.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/01/supply-demand-standards.pdf
Diliberti, M., & Kaufman, J. H. (2020). Will this school year be another casualty of the
pandemic?: Key findings from the American Educator Panels Fall 2020 COVID-19 surveys. Rand Corporation.
Eisenhart, M. (2001). Changing conceptions of culture and ethnographic methodology:
Recent thematic shifts and their implications for research on teaching. In V. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (pp. 209-225). American Educational Research Association.
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for
qualitative research. Aldine.
Goetz, J., & LeCompte, M. (1984). Ethnography and qualitative design in educational
research. Academic Press.
Heggeness, M. L., & Fields, J. M. (2020). Working moms bear brunt of home schooling
while working during Covid-19. U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2020/08/parents-juggle-work-and-child-care-during-pandemic.html
Hill-Jackson, V., Ladson-Billings, G., & Craig, C. J. (2022). Teacher education and
“climate change”: In navigating multiple pandemics, is the field forever altered? Journal of Teacher Education, 73(1), 5-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224871211060138
Ingersoll, R. M., Merrill, L., & May, H. (2014). What are the effects of teacher education
and preparation on beginning teacher attrition. Consortium for Policy Research in Education.
Ingersoll, R., Merrill, E., Stuckey, D., & Collins, G. (2018). Seven trends: The
transformation of the teaching force – Updated October 2018 (#RR2018-2). Consortium for Policy Research in Education.
Irwin, V., Zhang, J., Wang, X., Hein, S., Wang, K. Robers, A., York, C., Barmer, A.,
Mann, F. B., Eilig, R., & Parker, S. (2021). Report on the condition of education 2021 (NCES 2021-144). U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences. https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2021/2021144.pdf
Kidd, W., & Murray, J. (2020). The Covid-19 pandemic and its effects on teacher
education in England: How teacher educators moved practicum learning online. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 542-558. https://doi.org/10/1080/02619768.2020.1820480
Kuhfeld, M., Soland, J., Tarasawa, B., Johnson, A., Ruzek, E., & Liu, J. (2020).
Projecting the potential impacts of COVID-19 school closures on academic achievement. Educational Researcher, 49(8), 549-565. https://doi.og/10.3102/0013189X20965918
Lortie, D. C. (1975). School-teacher: A sociological study. University of Chicago Press.
Massachusetts Educator Licensure and Preparation Program Approval Regulations (603
CMR 7.04(2) & 7.04(4)). https://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/603cmr7.html?section=all
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded
sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A
methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Natanson, H., & Balingit, M. (2022, June 16). Caught in the culture wars, teachers are
being forced from their jobs. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/06/16/teacher-resignations-firings-culture-wars/
New Hampshire Chapter ED 600 Approval of Professional Preparation Programs (ED
02 & ED 604.04). http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rules/state_agencies/ed600.html
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Partelow, L. (2019). What to make of declining enrollment in teacher preparation
programs. Center for Education Progress.
Podolsky, A., Kini, T., Darling-Hammond, L., & Bishop, J. (2019). Strategies for
attracting and retaining educators: What does the evidence say? Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27(38). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa/27/3722
Pressley, T. (2021). Factors contributing to teacher burnout during COVID-19.
Educational Researcher, 50(5), 325-327. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X211004138
Rondelft, M. (2021). Links among teacher preparation, retention, and teaching effectiveness.
National Academy of Education Committee on Evaluating and Improving Teacher Preparation Programs. https://naeducation.org/evaluating-and-improving-teacher-preparation-programs-commissioned-paper-series/
Rosenberg, D., & Anderson, T. (2021). Teacher turnover before, during, and after
COVID. Education Resource Strategies. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED614496.pdf
Sarason, S. B. (1971). The culture of school and the problem of change. Allyn and Bacon.
Sinclair, C., Dowson, M., & McInerney, D. M. (2006). Motivations to teach: Psychometric
perspectives across the first semester of teacher education. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1132-1154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00688.x
Stake, R. E. (2000). Case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of
qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 435-454). Sage Publications.
Struyven, K., & Vanthournout, G. (2014). Teachers’ exit decisions: An investigation into
the reasons why newly qualified teachers fail to enter the teaching profession or why those who do enter do not continue teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 43, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2014.06.002
Sutcher, L., Darling-Hammond, L., & Carver-Thomas, D. (2019). Understanding teacher
shortages: An analysis of teacher supply and demand in the United States. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27(35). https://doi.org/10/14507/epaa.27.3696
U.S. Department of Education. (2021). Education in a pandemic: The disparate
impacts of COVID-19 on America’s students. Office for Civil Rights. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/20210608-impacts-of-covid19.pdf
U.S. Department of Education. (2022a). Preparing and credentialing the nation’s
teachers: The secretary’s report on the teachers workforce. Office of Postsecondary Education. https://title2.ed.gov/Public/Title_II_Secretary's_Report_508.pdf
U.S. Department of Education. (2022b). Teacher shortage areas 2021-2022 school year.
Office of Postsecondary Education. https://tsa.ed.gov/#/home/
VanLone, J., Pansé-Barone, C., & Long, K. (2022). Teacher preparation and the COVID_19
disruption: Understanding the impact and implications for novice teachers. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 3. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2021.100120
Walker, N. T., & Ardell, A. (2020). Reconsidering preservice-mentor relationships in complex
times: New possibilities for collaboration and contribution. Issues in Teacher Education, 29(1-2), 132-141.
Watt, H. M. G., Richardson, P. W., Klusmann, T., Kunter, M., Beyer, B., Trautwein, U., &
Baumert, J. (2012). Motivations for choosing teaching as a career: An international comparison using the FIT-Choice scale. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28, 791-805. https://doi.org/10/1016/j.tate.2012.03.003
Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge
University Press.
Wilson, S. M., & Kelley, S. L. (2022). Landscape of teacher preparation programs and
teacher candidates. National Academy of Education Committee on Evaluating and Improving Teacher Preparation Programs. https://naeducation.org/evaluating-and-improving-teacher-preparation-programs-commissioned-paper-series/
Yin, R. K. (2006). Case study methods. In J. L. Green, G. Camilli, & P. B. Elmore (Eds.),
Handbook of complementary methods in education (pp. 111-122). American Educational Research Association. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.’
Zamarro, G., Camp, A., Fuchsman, D., & McGee, J. B. (2021). How the pandemic has
changed teachers’ commitment to remaining in the classroom. Brookings Institute. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2021/09/08/how-the-pandemic-has-changed-teachers-commitment-to-remaining-in-the-classroom/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Aubrey Scheopner Torres, Lisa D'Souza
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright without restrictions. Unless otherwise indicated, from 2021 all articles are published under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA license. For more information visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Articles published prior to 2021 used a CC-BY-NC-SA license.