Urban-Rural STEM Education’s Influence on Creativity in Public and Private Middle Schools of Pakistan

Abstract

This study examines the influence of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education on nurturing creativity and innovation among middle school students in Pakistan. A total of 164 students participating in diverse STEM programs nationwide provided data through a comprehensive questionnaire addressing demographics, perceptions, STEM engagement, and creativity skills. The findings highlight a gap in the current curriculum’s ability to develop essential skills while also underscoring the positive impact of STEM education on nurturing creativity, critical thinking, and analytical capabilities. There were differences in the levels between urban and rural settings and public and private schools regarding the intensity of engagement and perceived benefits of urban and private institutions. Therefore, this study will inform educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers about the necessity of integrating in-school STEM programs into the Pakistan educational system. Future research may employ longitudinal and qualitative approaches to better understand students’ experiences and the sustained impact of STEM education.